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arXiv · 2604.20912

Quantum-HPC Software Stacks and the openQSE Reference Architecture: A Survey

Amir Shehata·Brian Austin·Tom Beck·Lukas Burgholzer·Alex Chernoguzov·Spencer Churchill·Andrea Delgado·Yasuko Eckert·Jeffery Heckey·Kevin Kissell·Katherine Klymko·Josh Moles·Thomas Naughton·Lee James O'Riordan·Christian Ortiz Pauyac·Guen Prawiroatmodjo·Ermal Rrapaj·Jiri Schindler·Laura Schulz·Sebastian Stern·Tyler Takeshita·Miwako Tsuji·Aleksander Wennersteen·Travis Humble·Martin Schulz
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Abstract

Quantum resources are increasingly integrated into high-performance computing (HPC) and cloud environments, but quantum high-performance computing (QHPC) software stacks remain isolated, often proprietary, full-stack solutions lacking common interfaces across runtime, resource management, orchestration, and execution layers. This paper analyzes nine production QHPC stacks and identifies common design patterns and emerging requirements, covering deployment models, application interaction patterns, SDK support, and readiness for fault-tolerant operation. The survey exposes consistent needs in runtime abstraction, resource management, interconnect semantics, and observability. Based on these findings, we propose the open quantum-HPC software ecosystem ( openQSE) reference architecture as a first step toward unifying the state-of-the-practice. openQSE defines a set of layer boundaries that allow different implementations to interoperate while preserving deployment flexibility, and is structured to support both current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) workloads and future fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) systems without changes to upper-layer application interfaces.

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Amir Shehata, Brian Austin, Tom Beck, Lukas Burgholzer, Alex Chernoguzov, Spencer Churchill, Andrea Delgado, Yasuko Eckert, Jeffery Heckey, Kevin Kissell, Katherine Klymko, Josh Moles, Thomas Naughton, Lee James O'Riordan, Christian Ortiz Pauyac, Guen Prawiroatmodjo, Ermal Rrapaj, Jiri Schindler, Laura Schulz, Sebastian Stern, Tyler Takeshita, Miwako Tsuji, Aleksander Wennersteen, Travis Humble, Martin Schulz. 2026-04-22. Quantum-HPC Software Stacks and the openQSE Reference Architecture: A Survey. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.20912

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