Assessing Y-Axis Influence: Bias in Multimodal Language Models on Chart-to-Table Translation

Seok Hwan Song; Azher Ahmed Efat; Wallapak Tavanapong

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arXiv · 2604.24987

Assessing Y-Axis Influence: Bias in Multimodal Language Models on Chart-to-Table Translation

Seok Hwan Song·Azher Ahmed Efat·Wallapak Tavanapong

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Abstract

Chart-to-table translation converts chart images into structured tabular data. Accurate translation is crucial for Multimodal Language Model (MLM) to answer complex queries. We observe imbalances in the number of images across different aspects of the y-axis information in public chart datasets. Such imbalances can introduce unintended biases, causing uneven MLM performance. Previous works have not systematically examined these biases. To address this gap, we propose a new framework, FairChart2Table, for analyzing y-axis-related bias on five state-of-the-art models. Key Findings: (1) There are significant y-axis biases related to the digit length of the major tick values, the number of major ticks, the range of values, and the tick value format (e.g., abbreviation or scientific format). (2) The number of legends/entities in chart images impacts MLM performance. (3) Prompting MLM with y-axis information can significantly enhance the performance for some MLMs.

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Seok Hwan Song, Azher Ahmed Efat, Wallapak Tavanapong. 2026-04-27. Assessing Y-Axis Influence: Bias in Multimodal Language Models on Chart-to-Table Translation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24987

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