Solvable Random Unitary Dynamics in a Disordered Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid

Tian-Gang Zhou; Thierry Giamarchi

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arXiv · 2604.25995

Solvable Random Unitary Dynamics in a Disordered Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid

Tian-Gang Zhou·Thierry Giamarchi

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Abstract

Disordered one-dimensional interacting systems have long been characterized via conventional correlation functions. A complementary quantum-information perspective quantifies the randomness of the unitary ensemble dynamics generated by a quantum system through the frame potential, which serves as a practical diagnostic for quantum algorithmic performance. However, no analytical treatment has yet been achieved for experimentally accessible interacting one-dimensional systems. In this Letter, we derive a closed-form expression for the frame potential of a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid with quenched Gaussian forward-scattering disorder. Exploiting the exactly quadratic structure of the disorder-averaged Keldysh action, we show that the frame potential decays as a power law at early times and saturates to a late-time plateau controlled by a single coupling parameter. Taking the random field XXZ spin chain as a specific microscopic realization, we show that the strongest randomness is achieved near the Heisenberg ferromagnetic point and can be exponentially enhanced through a multiple-quench protocol. We validate our results across the entire gapless phase, with direct implications for algorithm design in analog quantum simulation platforms.

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Tian-Gang Zhou, Thierry Giamarchi. 2026-04-28. Solvable Random Unitary Dynamics in a Disordered Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25995

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