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arXiv · 2604.27386

Intermediate-state Coulomb-corrected strong-field approximation for rescattering processes

Chunli Miao·Jiarui Qin·Chan Li·Xiaolei Hao·Weidong Li·Jing Chen
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Abstract

We analytically derive the all-order strong-field S-matrix series incorporating intermediate-state Coulomb-Volkov corrections (ICSFA). Focusing on rescattering processes described by the second-order term, we systematically investigate the impact of intermediate-state Coulomb interactions on above-threshold ionization (ATI) spectra of atomic hydrogen in linearly polarized laser fields. Crucially, ICSFA spectra demonstrate superior agreement with the results obtained by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation compared to the standard strong-field approximation (SFA) and final-state Coulomb-corrected SFA (FCSFA). Our analysis reveals that intermediate-state Coulomb corrections enhance the yield of the third- and fourth-return-recollision trajectories while modifying interference patterns in the energy spectrum. The observed enhancement of the multi-return-recollision trajectories can be attributed to modifications of the ionization yield and scattering cross-section, which are induced by intermediate-state Coulomb effects. These effects are equivalent to the so-called Coulomb focusing effect.

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Chunli Miao, Jiarui Qin, Chan Li, Xiaolei Hao, Weidong Li, Jing Chen. 2026-04-30. Intermediate-state Coulomb-corrected strong-field approximation for rescattering processes. https://doi.org/10.15302/frontphys.2026.062204

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