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arXiv · 2605.00565

Multi-messenger Constraints on a Primordial Black Hole Origin of the KM3-230213A Event

Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez
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Abstract

Black holes are expected to end their lifetime in a burst of Hawking radiation, emitting all Standard Model particles at ultra-high energies. The evaporation of a nearby primordial black hole (PBH) has been proposed as an explanation for the high-energy neutrino-like event reported by KM3NeT. Such a scenario requires the source to be extremely close to Earth, implying detectable gamma-ray and cosmic-ray emission. Accounting for the time-dependent field of view of gamma-ray observatories, we find that current experiments should have observed a pre-burst signal, while neutrino telescopes would also detect lower-energy events before the burst. The absence of such multimessenger signals strongly disfavors a PBH origin of the KM3-230213A event in the minimal 4D Schwarzschild scenario.

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Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez. 2026-05-01. Multi-messenger Constraints on a Primordial Black Hole Origin of the KM3-230213A Event. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00565

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