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arXiv · 2605.01545

A Miniaturized In-Mouth pH Sensing System for Real-Time Intraoral Telemetry

Lukas Schulthess·Philipp Schilk·Julian Moosmann·Andrea Gubler·Christian Vogt·Florian J. Wegehaupt·Michele Magno
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Abstract

Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, caused by acid production from bacterial metabolism of fermentable carbohydrates and affecting people of all ages. To evaluate the cariogenic and erosive properties of widely consumed food products, such as energy drinks, intraoral pH changes are measured during consumption. The gold standard for such measurements is miniaturized silicon-lithium-barium glass membrane electrodes. These electrodes allow dental plaque to form on their surface, thereby enabling in situ monitoring of pH changes in a biologically relevant environment. Due to their high impedance and susceptibility to external interference, they can currently only be measured using a large analog amplification and recording unit, which is highly limiting for study design and participant comfort, as individual measurements can take upwards of an hour. This work presents the first battery-powered, low power wireless and wearable pH telemetry evaluation system designed for real time intraoral pH monitoring with glass electrodes. The system comprises a miniaturized pH telemetry frontend, a neck-worn Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) node, and software tools for data acquisition, visualization, and reporting. The front end integrates with a custom dental prosthesis, directly digitizing the pH signal in the mouth and minimizing noise. The data is transmitted over BLE to a host computer, and analyzed using dedicated software that supports calibration, drift compensation, region marking, and PDF report generation. The system integrates an 8.6 by 3.3 mm, 0.2 g pH front-end and a 37.6 g neck-worn BLE node which consume 8.89 mW to transmit data at 10 Hz to a host computer during a measurement.

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Lukas Schulthess, Philipp Schilk, Julian Moosmann, Andrea Gubler, Christian Vogt, Florian J. Wegehaupt, Michele Magno. 2026-05-02. A Miniaturized In-Mouth pH Sensing System for Real-Time Intraoral Telemetry. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.01545

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