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arXiv · 2605.02703

ProPACT: A Proactive AI-Driven Adaptive Collaborative Tutor for Pair Programming

Anahita Golrang·Kshitij Sharma·olga viberg
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Abstract

Effective pair programming depends on coordination of attention, cognitive effort, and joint regulation over time, yet most adaptive learning systems remain individual-centric and reactive. This paper introduces ProPACT, a proactive AI-driven adaptive collaborative tutor that treats collaboration itself as the object of instruction. ProPACT constructs a multimodal dyadic learner model based on Joint Visual Attention (JVA), Joint Mental Effort (JME), and individual mental effort, and employs an XGBoost-based forecasting model to predict emerging suboptimal collaboration states up to 30 seconds in advance. These predictions drive a hierarchical adaptive policy that delivers minimally intrusive scaffolds while fading support during productive collaboration. A within-subject study with 26 pair-programming dyads shows that proactive feedback significantly improves debugging success, task efficiency, feedback uptake, and post-intervention gains in JVA and JME, demonstrating the potential of forecast-driven dyadic adaptivity for real-time collaborative learning regulation.

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Anahita Golrang, Kshitij Sharma, olga viberg. 2026-05-04. ProPACT: A Proactive AI-Driven Adaptive Collaborative Tutor for Pair Programming. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02703

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