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arXiv · 2605.03159

Learning Correct Behavior from Examples: Validating Sequential Execution in Autonomous Agents

Reshabh K Sharma·Gaurav Mittal·Yu Hu
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Abstract

As autonomous agents become increasingly sophisticated, validating their sequential behavior presents a significant challenge. Traditional testing approaches require manual specification, exact sequence matching, or thousands of training examples. We present a novel algorithm that automatically learns correct behavior from just 2-10 passing execution traces and validates new executions against this learned model. Our approach combines dominator analysis from compiler theory with multimodal large language model-powered semantic understanding to identify essential states and handle non-deterministic behavior. The system constructs a generalized ground truth model using Prefix Tree Acceptors, merges traces through multi-tiered equivalence detection, and validates new executions via topological subsequence matching. In controlled experiments, our system achieved high accuracy in detecting product bugs and false successes using only 3 training traces. This approach provides explainable validation results with coverage metrics and works across diverse domains including UI testing, code generation, and robotic processes.

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Reshabh K Sharma, Gaurav Mittal, Yu Hu. 2026-05-04. Learning Correct Behavior from Examples: Validating Sequential Execution in Autonomous Agents. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03159

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