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arXiv · 2605.04147

Unifying the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli and Bardeen-Press-Teukolsky formalisms on spherical backgrounds

David Pereñiguez
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Abstract

We develop a formulation of perturbation theory on spherically symmetric backgrounds based on self-dual curvature equations combined with spherical harmonic expansions. The resulting framework unifies the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli (RWZ) and Bardeen-Press-Teukolsky (BPT) formalisms and is designed to combine key advantages of both. The use of self-dual variables is crucial, and makes quasinormal mode isospectrality manifest, when present. We present the formalism first for a general energy-momentum tensor, and then specialize to vacuum General Relativity with matter sources to illustrate its practical advantages. A central result is that the RWZ and BPT equations arise directly as different components of a single tensorial curvature equation. We also show that, in the frequency domain, the metric can be reconstructed algebraically from any of the proposed master functions and their derivatives, and we comment on possible obstructions to such a reconstruction in the time domain. A Mathematica notebook, based on xAct, that implements the formalism and was used in our computations is released alongside this work.

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David Pereñiguez. 2026-05-05. Unifying the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli and Bardeen-Press-Teukolsky formalisms on spherical backgrounds. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04147

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