BARFI-Q: Quantum-Enhanced Block Attention Residual Fusion Framework for Multivariate Time-Series Forecasting in Atom Interferometry

Abstract

Atom interferometry generates heterogeneous multivariate temporal streams governed by phase evolution, fringe dynamics, control variables, and auxiliary sensing measurements. Accurate forecasting of these signals is important for predictive monitoring, phase correction, and intelligent quantum sensing, but it requires effective modeling of long-range temporal dependencies and interactions among multiple sensing sources. This paper proposes BARFI-Q, a Quantum-Enhanced Block Attention Residual Fusion framework for multivariate time-series forecasting in atom interferometry. BARFI-Q integrates patch-based embedding, dual-branch temporal modeling, hierarchical fusion, adaptive block-attention residual aggregation, and a quantum feature-mapping module. Unlike conventional Transformer-based forecasting models with fixed additive residual paths, BARFI-Q adaptively reuses cross-depth information and enhances the fused latent representation through quantum feature mapping. To respect phase periodicity, the forecasting target is represented in circular space using sine and cosine components. Experiments show that BARFI-Q consistently outperforms strong baseline models across repeated runs and different historical window sizes. Fusion ablation results further confirm the benefit of jointly modeling channel-wise and spatial feature interactions. These results indicate that multiscale temporal learning, hierarchical fusion, adaptive residual routing, and quantum-enhanced latent transformation provide an effective framework for atom-interferometric time-series forecasting.