Spatial-Frequency Gated Swin Transformer for Cross-Sensor Remote Sensing Super-Resolution

Abstract

Remote sensing single-image super-resolution aims to generate high-resolution imagery from low-resolution observations while preserving fine structures such as roads, building boundaries, field edges, and land-cover transitions. Swin Transformer-based models, including Swin2SR, provide strong spatial context modeling through shifted-window self-attention, but their feed-forward networks remain generic channelmixing modules that do not explicitly distinguish low-frequency structure from residual details. We propose SFG-SwinSR, which replaces the standard Swin2SR feed-forward network with a lightweight SpatialFrequency Gated Feed-Forward Network. The module estimates a smoothed feature component through a depthwise low-pass branch, derives residual details by subtraction, refines them spatially, and adaptively reinjects useful details through a bottleneck gate. Experiments on the real crosssensor SEN2VENμS, OLI2MSI, and SEN2NAIP benchmarks, together with an auxiliary synthetic SpaceNet Challenge 3 setting, show consistent improvements across most evaluation settings and competitive performance against recent Swin-based baselines. The results indicate that spatial-frequency transformation within transformer feed-forward networks provides an effective lightweight inductive bias for structure-aware cross-sensor remote sensing super-resolution. Source code is available at https://github.com/aminurhossain/SFG-SwinSR