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arXiv · 2605.09715

All-optical universal control of nuclear-spin qudits in trapped neutral atoms

Johannes K. Krondorfer·Matthias Diez·Andreas Kruckenhauser·Andreas W. Hauser
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Abstract

Quantum systems with more than two levels - so-called qudits - offer increased computational density and reduced circuit complexity compared to qubit-based architectures, but achieving universal and scalable control remains challenging. We propose an all-optical scheme for universal qudit control in trapped neutral atoms in moderate to high magnetic fields, focusing on the fermionic isotope 173Yb (I = 5/2). The strong hyperfine interaction in the 3P1 manifold enables fast and selective Raman transitions between nuclear-spin states in the 1S0 ground-state manifold using a single linearly polarized laser. For each neighboring transition in the qudit manifold, we identify a magic polarization angle that enables coherent, state-selective control while suppressing off-resonant excitations, with operation frequencies exceeding 100 kHz. Combined with phase-shift operations, this provides universal control of the full single-qudit space. We further discuss compatible two-qudit gates based on the Rydberg blockade mechanism, completing a universal gate set, and analyze state-selective readout schemes compatible with the proposed protocol. Our results identify 173Yb as a promising platform for high-fidelity, all-optical qudit-based quantum information processing.

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Johannes K. Krondorfer, Matthias Diez, Andreas Kruckenhauser, Andreas W. Hauser. 2026-05-10. All-optical universal control of nuclear-spin qudits in trapped neutral atoms. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565%2Fae9e6b

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