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arXiv · 2605.14969

On the Symmetries of Anisotropic Spin Interaction Models

Arist Zhenyuan Yang
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Abstract

We show that anisotropic spin interactions do not merely break spin-space group (SSG) symmetries, but instead twist them through cohomology invariants, yielding symmetry classes beyond subgroups of $ O(3)\times \operatorname{Isom}(\mathbb{R}^3) $. This requires redefining the spin-only group $ S_0 $ in terms of proper spin rotations. Based on this unitary $ S_0 $, we formulate a twisted SSG (tSSG) theory that captures the complete set of spin-space symmetries. We then study a spin-1 model with tSSG symmetry using linear flavor wave theory and find $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological quadrupolar excitations defined on a spin Brillouin Klein bottle. Specifically, the quadrupolar excitations possess a momentum-space glide-reflection symmetry and the edge states exhibit a nonlocal momentum twist. These results establish the symmetry language required for interacting spin systems, whether realized in magnetic materials or on programmable quantum simulators, and open a route to unconventional magnetism.

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Arist Zhenyuan Yang. 2026-05-14. On the Symmetries of Anisotropic Spin Interaction Models. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14969

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