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arXiv · 2605.17063

Resilience Analysis in Off-Grid LoRa Mesh Networks: Evaluation of Meshtastic Profiles in Long-Range Propagation Scenarios

Guillermo Antonio Hernandez Ortiz·Edgar Santiago Quiroz Puentes·José de Jesús Rugeles
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Abstract

The integration of LoRa technologies with mesh topologies represents a robust alternative for off-grid communications in emergency scenarios within smart cities. Meshtastic firmware implements a decentralised mesh network over LoRa where each node acts simultaneously as end device and router, enabling communication via Bluetooth-connected mobile devices without reliance on conventional infrastructure. Within the Colombian context (915 MHz ISM band), this work establishes design and planning criteria through a controlled guided-link methodology that isolates the LoRa physical layer from propagation effects, enabling deterministic characterisation of all eight Meshtastic modem presets at three transmission power levels (42 datasets). The results reveal a performance partitioning governed primarily by Spreading Factor (SF): "Short" presets (SF7-SF8) fail at 110-120 dB of path attenuation, "Medium" presets (SF9-SF10) sustain links up to 135-150 dB, and "Long" presets (SF11-SF12) maximise coverage, with "Long Slow" reaching 180 dB before failure - a 60-70 dB advantage over the fastest profiles. The SNR analysis confirms sub-noise-floor demodulation down to -18 dB for SF12, with abrupt link failure occurring within 2-4 dB of the theoretical limit. Based on these thresholds, three operational regimes are defined (high-density IoT, balanced urban mesh, and maximum-range emergency), providing network designers with quantitative criteria to select the appropriate configuration and node density for smart city deployments.

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Guillermo Antonio Hernandez Ortiz, Edgar Santiago Quiroz Puentes, José de Jesús Rugeles. 2026-05-16. Resilience Analysis in Off-Grid LoRa Mesh Networks: Evaluation of Meshtastic Profiles in Long-Range Propagation Scenarios. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17063

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