Project RAINBOW: An all-integrated all-optical ultrafast dual-comb chip

Abstract

A train of periodic optical pulses gives an optical frequency "comb" that acts as a precise ruler for light measurement due to its equally spaced frequencies. Today, such pulses last millionths of a billionth of a second (Femtoseconds/fs) and associated comb spans billions of frequencies (Terahertz), similar to a discretized rainbow ranging from ultraviolet to infrared light. This is the core technology in many optic-based applications like atomic clocks and secure communication. Despite its obvious value, these remain mostly confined to research labs for being complex, expensive, and power-hungry. One promising solution is to use laser mode-locking: a technique that forces a laser to emit short coherent pulses. While chip-size systems have already been demonstrated, this approach still lacks flexibility and performance in repetition rate and bandwidth simultaneously. This research proposal leverages the industrialization of integrated photonic chips to develop a first-ever all-integrated two-coloured pulsed source with durations of a few hundred fs. It will engineer a novel turn-key device that will 1) pioneer the demonstration of modelocked pulses at two separate central frequencies originating from the same laser, 2) fit on a fingertip, and 3) be compatible with generic foundry processes, and thus, mass-manufacturable. Sustained generation of such pulses is intricate with little knowledge about light-material interaction at this scale. The chip will emit two broadband combs using one control parameter. These combs will have synergetic comb properties and coupled through one gain medium. Thus, we will create a new ultra-broadband comb resulting in unprecedented phase correlation between the two sub-combs. Simultaneously, the device will be significantly smaller, lighter, cheaper, and more power-efficient than its free-space rivals, reducing the gap between lab and market.