Transition of vortex dipole dynamics in holographic superfluids

Abstract

Using holographic duality, we reveal a transition in vortex dipole dynamics below a critical dipole size in strongly interacting superfluids, characterized by a significant suppression of mutual friction. In the bulk, this transition is triggered by a topological reconnection of vortex tubes, which disconnects the boundary vortices from the black hole horizon and forms a \textit{U-pipe}. Consequently, the post-transition evolution is governed by the contraction of the bulk \textit{U-pipe} rather than the mutual friction associated with the horizon, revealing a scale-dependent dissipation mechanism. We further show that this reconnection persists over a broad temperature range, even when the transition becomes unobservable at high temperatures. Our results provide a dissipation-based interpretation for the anomalous critical dipole scale observed in strongly interacting cold-atom experiments, and suggest the existence of distinct dissipative regimes in strongly interacting superfluids.