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arXiv · 2605.25128

Harmonic Hierarchy of Altermagnetic Spin Splitting from Symmetry-Adapted Wavefunctions

Yixuan Che·Peibo Xu·Haifeng Lv·Xiaojun Wu·Jinlong Yang
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Abstract

Altermagnets combine magnetic compensation with spin-momentum-locked splitting in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, yet existing descriptions, formulated primarily in terms of spin symmetry and lattice geometry, provide limited insight into the electric-structure perspective of its angular harmonic form. Here, we identify a wavefunction-level framework for altermagnetism in two-dimensional square lattices. Using symmetry-adapted polynomial wavefunctions, we show that the harmonic structure of momentum-space spin splitting is inherited from the geometry of the electronic wavefunctions which can be selected by crystal fields. Identical orbital sectors preserve conventional antiferromagnetic degeneracy, whereas intertwined linear and quadratic wavefunctions generate d-wave and g-wave altermagnetic anisotropies, respectively. Tight-binding analysis connects this hierarchy to inequivalent same-spin hopping channels. First-principles calculations on the g-wave mcm-type reticular material platforms confirm high-symmetry-linear degeneracy together with finite generic-k splitting. Our results establish a hierarchy linking wavefunction geometry, orbital realization, microscopic hopping anisotropy, and altermagnetic electronic structure.

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Yixuan Che, Peibo Xu, Haifeng Lv, Xiaojun Wu, Jinlong Yang. 2026-05-24. Harmonic Hierarchy of Altermagnetic Spin Splitting from Symmetry-Adapted Wavefunctions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.25128

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