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arXiv · 2605.28906

Uncertainty relations in classical and quantum theories of electromagnetism

Iwo Bialynicki-Birula·Zofia Bialynicka-Birula
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Abstract

Sharp uncertainty relations restricting the values of variances in the position space and in the momentum (wavevector) space are derived. They have the same form $\Delta r\Delta k\ge 5/2$ in the classical theory of light beams, in the quantum theory of coherent light beams, and in the quantum theory of individual photons.

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Iwo Bialynicki-Birula, Zofia Bialynicka-Birula. 2026-05-27. Uncertainty relations in classical and quantum theories of electromagnetism. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28906

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