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arXiv · 2605.30680

Healthcare Mechanisms from Policy-as-Code Search under Strategic Provider Response

Zihan Wang·Xiang Xu·Hongyuan Zha·Wenhao Li
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Abstract

Healthcare mechanisms are inseparable from the strategic provider response they induce: existing healthcare AI benchmarks hold this response fixed and so cannot evaluate mechanisms by the equilibrium they produce. We recast hospital mechanism design as program synthesis for language models: typed, inspectable rule programs are executed and scored by Medi-Sim, a multi-agent simulator with five strategic provider channels (coding, selection, delay, effort, triage). An incentive sweep recovers classical health-economics findings as adjacent regimes -- up-coding and low-complexity-patient selection under profit pressure, and Goodhart-style drift where measured performance becomes anti-correlated with true outcomes -- and a single audit lever exposes pressure migration: closing the coding channel more than doubles low-complexity selection. LLM-guided evolutionary code search over the same rule-program space then synthesizes an inspectable mixed-objective program that eliminates up-coding, halves rejection, and retains most of the profit-oriented baseline's funds.

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Zihan Wang, Xiang Xu, Hongyuan Zha, Wenhao Li. 2026-05-29. Healthcare Mechanisms from Policy-as-Code Search under Strategic Provider Response. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30680

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