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arXiv · 2606.01344

A Framework for Evaluating the Siting of Fusion Power: Case Study on the Retired Coal Sites in the United States

Muhammad R. Abdussami·Kevin Daley·Gabrielle Hoelzle·Aditi Verma
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Abstract

As fusion advances toward commercialization, systematic siting approaches are needed to identify locations that meet technical, economic, and infrastructural requirements, while also ensuring public acceptance and avoiding the socio-political challenges that have historically hindered fission deployment. Therefore, this study introduces a comprehensive, first-of-its-kind fusion siting framework and applies it to 85 retired (2020-2025) U.S. coal power sites as a case study. The framework evaluates 21 sub-criteria under four key attributes: State Policies, Federal Policies, Risk and Hazard Metrics, and Connectivity and Spatial Factors. Sub-attributes weights are derived using the Fuzzy Full Consistency Method with input from five fusion experts, and site rankings are determined using the Measurement Alternatives and Ranking According to COmpromise Solution method. Results indicate that federal incentives, transportation, substation, and energy prices are the most important factors for fusion siting. Sensitivity analysis reveals that landslide hazards have the greatest effect on rank stability, while fault lines is the least influential. A separate comparative assessment of the fusion deployment sites proposed by Type One Energy, Zap Energy, and Commonwealth Fusion Systems is also conducted using results from our proposed framework. This framework provides a transparent, stakeholder-inclusive decision-making tool that clarifies how sites are evaluated using weighted criteria and distinguishes inflexible policy-responsive factors, thereby enabling targeted regional and federal strategies.

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Muhammad R. Abdussami, Kevin Daley, Gabrielle Hoelzle, Aditi Verma. 2026-05-31. A Framework for Evaluating the Siting of Fusion Power: Case Study on the Retired Coal Sites in the United States. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.01344

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