BADGER: Bridging Agentic and Deterministic Evaluation for Generative Enterprise Reasoning

Abstract

Enterprise AI systems that translate natural language into SQL queries and orchestrate multi-step agentic reasoning pipelines require evaluation approaches fundamentally different from academic benchmarks. Spider and BIRD established execution-accuracy protocols; G-Eval and RAGAS advanced LLM-based assessment; and recent work such as Spider 2.0, BEAVER, and BIRD-Interact has begun to address enterprise and agentic dimensions. No single framework unifies text-to-SQL assessment with agentic behavior evaluation into a production-grade pipeline calibrated against human expert judgment. We present BADGER, developed at Merkle, a unified evaluation framework integrating text-to-SQL assessment with agentic behavior evaluation. BADGER offers three contributions. First, LLM-assisted SQL component extraction extending Spider methodology to handle CTE-heavy, dialect-specific SQL. Second, a hybrid execution accuracy metric (Hybrid-EX) resolving column-aliasing and numeric-tolerance brittleness by using an LLM to infer structural alignments before deterministic cell-level scoring. Validated on 150 human-annotated industry queries, Hybrid-EX achieves Cohen's kappa=0.717 [95% CI: 0.600-0.822] (Substantial agreement) and 87.3% balanced accuracy, outperforming all six competing frameworks (Delta-kappa: 0.322-0.502, all p<=0.001). Third, an enterprise agentic evaluation suite assembling RAGAS, G-Eval, and agent benchmark metrics into a unified pipeline; Excess Tool Usage is the sole novel element. BADGER runs entirely within the client's governed data environment, supports configurable LLM judge backends, and enables rapid prototyping of client-specific judges and metrics, serving as a continuous evaluation backbone rather than a one-time quality gate.