Black-Hole Echo Resonance Spectra and Source Dependence in a Controlled Transfer-Function Model

Abstract

Echo models phenomenologically encode possible near-horizon structure by replacing the purely ingoing horizon-side condition with an effective reflecting inner boundary near the would-be horizon. We study this idea in a controlled transfer-function model consisting of a compactly supported one-dimensional barrier and a Robin wall at $x=-L$, where $L>0$ is the cavity length measured in the tortoise coordinate. The aim is not to propose a new echo mechanism or to make an observational claim, but to analyze the standard cavity denominator in a controlled model with explicit normalizations. For this model, we prove a local one-zero-per-cell result with an $O(L^{-2})$ localization error and derive a source-to-observer factorization which separates the homogeneous poles from the source-dependent residues. To test the physical robustness of the mechanism, we also perform direct numerical calculations for the untruncated axial Regge-Wheeler potential. The computed resonances form the same nearly equally spaced comb, their deviations from the first asymptotic centers are numerically consistent with $L^{-2}$ scaling, and smooth source profiles modify the peak weights without changing the homogeneous pole locations. The rigorous $O(L^{-2})$ theorem remains restricted to the compactly supported model.