Multi-dimensional parameter space of higher-order exceptional points induced by Brillouin optoacoustics

Abstract

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies in the spectrum of non-Hermitian systems, where both the eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce. In the vicinity of an n-th order EP, the eigenvalues generally show n-th-root dependence on the system parameters, making EPs potentially promising candidates for ultra-sensitive measurements. Usually EPs are implemented in precisely fabricated nano- and microstructures. In this work, we instead show the experimental implementation of a third-order EP (EP3) using the synthetic dimension in a single-mode optical fiber, leveraging multi-frequency Brillouin scattering. We perform a multi-dimensional scan of the parameter space revealing not only an EP3 but also additional topological structures connected to it. Our work paves the way toward fabrication-free realizations of exceptional points of arbitrary order.