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arXiv · 2606.12259

Partitioned Tags, Shared Data: Reconciling Strict Cache Isolation with Write-Shared Coherence

Kartik Ramkrishnan·Stephen McCamant·Antonia Zhai·Pen Chung Yew
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Abstract

Cache partitioning is among the strongest structural defenses against eviction-based cache side channels, yet a decade-old design issue has blocked its widespread deployment in secure shared-OS settings. The issue is that write-shared coherence collapses under strict partitioning. We present SCP (Secure and Coherent Partitioning), which combines strict eviction isolation with write-shared coherence by partitioning only the tags, sharing a single data pool, and sizing the data pool so capacity-driven cross-partition eviction cannot occur. Timing obfuscation extends protections to the inter-partition lookup path. Coherence-based leakage on shared-writeable lines is mitigated by routing those writes through to the LLC once a leakage threshold is crossed, which makes attacker write probe latency independent of victim activity. Using gem5 for implementation, SCP mitigates Prime+Probe and Flush+Reload, which are the basis for more sophisticated cache attacks. We also demonstrate that a shared-writeable-line attack is mitigated. All these attacks yield results no better than random guessing. SCP's hardware cost is a modest +2.8% LLC SRAM. Performance matches DAWG within 0.3% IPC on the SPEC CPU2017 benchmarks that we evaluated. Sharing-intensive microbenchmarks demonstrate a tunable security-performance tradeoff based on a system-specified leakage threshold.

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Kartik Ramkrishnan, Stephen McCamant, Antonia Zhai, Pen Chung Yew. 2026-06-10. Partitioned Tags, Shared Data: Reconciling Strict Cache Isolation with Write-Shared Coherence. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.12259

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