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arXiv · 2606.20524

String Axiverse Enhancement of Superradiant Dark Matter Production

Diogo S. Gorgulho·Jacob A. Litterer·João G. Rosa
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Abstract

We study the effects of string axion emission on dark matter production by light primordial black holes (PBHs), through both evaporation and superradiance. We show, in particular, that the Hawking emission of $\mathcal{O}(100-10^5)$ light axion species predicted in realistic string theory constructions can significantly enhance the efficiency of superradiance, given the associated increase in the PBH spin. The string axiverse thus significantly expands the parametric regions (dark matter mass and PBH mass and spin) for which a sizeable fraction of dark matter may presently be in the form of "micro-boson stars": the self-gravitating remnants of superradiant dark matter clouds. Conversely, for too large a number of axion species PBHs evaporate too quickly for superradiant clouds to attain their maximum mass. Finally, assuming that all dark matter is produced by PBHs (through both superradiance and Hawking emission), we show that the axions emitted during PBH evaporation give an immeasurably small contribution to the relativistic degrees of freedom at recombination.

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Diogo S. Gorgulho, Jacob A. Litterer, João G. Rosa. 2026-06-18. String Axiverse Enhancement of Superradiant Dark Matter Production. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20524

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