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arXiv · 2606.20815

Warm fermionic dark matter from freeze-in at stronger coupling

Duarte Feiteira·Vinícius Oliveira
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Abstract

We study warm fermionic dark matter (DM) in the framework of freeze-in at stronger coupling, in the minimal Higgs portal scenario. The reheating temperature is taken to be low, so that DM production from the Standard Model thermal bath is Boltzmann-suppressed and the DM stays out of equilibrium even for a sizeable coupling. This opens the possibility of observable signatures, in particular invisible Higgs decays. We compute the DM relic abundance including both the pre- and post-reheating contributions. We find that the fermionic DM production reaction is strongly velocity suppressed, requiring larger reheating temperatures than those obtained for scalar DM in order to reproduce the correct relic abundance. The resulting DM momentum distribution is strongly non-thermal and its shape is not captured by the common $\alpha\beta\gamma$-parametrization. We find that the Lyman-$\alpha$ constraint excludes DM masses below about $100 -180\,\mathrm{keV}$, depending on the reheating history.

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Duarte Feiteira, Vinícius Oliveira. 2026-06-18. Warm fermionic dark matter from freeze-in at stronger coupling. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20815

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