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arXiv · 2606.20828

Gauge invariant generalizations of the Proca equation and the Yang-Mills-Proca equation

Nikolay Marchuk
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Abstract

The Proca equations (1936) are used in quantum field theory to describe vector bosons (spin 1) with a nonzero mass. The Proca equations are not gauge invariant. In contrast to Stueckelberg's approach (1938), this article presents a gauge invariant generalization of the Proca equation by introducing an additional vector field into the Proca equation. The results are extended to the Yang-Mills-Proca equations, leading to equations with non-Abelian gauge symmetry.

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Nikolay Marchuk. 2026-06-18. Gauge invariant generalizations of the Proca equation and the Yang-Mills-Proca equation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20828

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