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arXiv · 2606.21361

Extended [CII] gas emission in and around a massive quiescent galaxy at z=7.3

F. Valentino·A. Pensabene·A. Weibel·A. de Graaff·D. J. Setton·P. Oesch·G. Brammer·W. M. Baker·R. Bezanson·J. E. Greene·K. E. Heintz·K. Ito·M. Lee·J. Leja·J. Matthee·B. Wang·K. E. Whitaker·C. C. Williams·P. Zhu
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Abstract

We report the discovery of [CII] 158 micron emission in and around the most distant known massive quiescent galaxy RUBIES-UDS-QG-z7 at z = 7.27. Observed with ALMA in band 6, the [CII] line independently confirms the spectroscopic redshift from JWST/NIRSpec spectra at low and medium resolution. The emission extends over an effective radius R_eff,[CII] = 8 +/- 3 kpc, well beyond the compact stellar body traced by JWST/NIRCam (R_eff = 209 (+33/-24) pc), with a significant fraction of approximately 70% of the flux arising from a circumgalactic halo. No dust continuum is detected at rest-frame ~160 micron, setting an upper limit on the infrared luminosity of L_IR < 1.4 x 10^11 Lsun, overall consistent with expectations from rest-frame UV to near-infrared SED modeling under energy balance. Converting the galaxy-scale [CII] emission into cold gas mass, we find log(M_mol/Msun) = 9.53 (+0.32/-0.31) and log(M_HI/Msun) = 9.46-10.34, depending on the assumed calibration and metallicity. Despite being approximately 10x more gas-poor than typical star-forming galaxies at fixed redshift, stellar mass, and [CII] to gas mass conversion, RUBIES-UDS-QG-z7 retains a substantial cold gas reservoir with fractions f_gas >~ 20% and long depletion timescales across most assumptions. The extended [CII] halo carries approximately twice as much gas as the galaxy alone and shows a blueshifted velocity offset consistent with the tentative gas outflow detected in MgII absorption in previous work, suggesting a past episode of AGN-driven gas expulsion possibly linked to the suppression of star formation. The presence of a large gas reservoir in and around a massive quiescent galaxy just 700 Myr after the Big Bang implies that whatever mechanism is suppressing star formation must be remarkably effective at maintaining a low star formation efficiency on ~100 Myr timescales, even in the presence of abundant fuel.

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F. Valentino, A. Pensabene, A. Weibel, A. de Graaff, D. J. Setton, P. Oesch, G. Brammer, W. M. Baker, R. Bezanson, J. E. Greene, K. E. Heintz, K. Ito, M. Lee, J. Leja, J. Matthee, B. Wang, K. E. Whitaker, C. C. Williams, P. Zhu. 2026-06-19. Extended [CII] gas emission in and around a massive quiescent galaxy at z=7.3. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.21361

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