Deep Learning-Based Sign Language Recognition from Videos and Cross-Lingual Translation to Indian Vernaculars

Ramesh Nandipalli; Chandranath Adak

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arXiv · 2606.22494

Deep Learning-Based Sign Language Recognition from Videos and Cross-Lingual Translation to Indian Vernaculars

Ramesh Nandipalli·Chandranath Adak

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Abstract

Sign language is a primary mode of communication for the global deaf and hard-of-hearing community, yet automated tools that recognize sign gestures from video and translate them into natural language text remain limited, particularly for low-resource Indian languages. We present a two-stage deep learning pipeline that (i) classifies short sign language video clips into English word labels using a fine-tuned VideoMAE video transformer, and (ii) translates the predicted English label into Hindi, Telugu, and Bengali using Meta AI's No Language Left Behind (NLLB-200) multilingual translation model. The classification model is fine-tuned on a 13-class subset of the AI4Bharat Indian Sign Language video corpus from IIT Madras, processing 16-frame clips sampled uniformly from each video at 224 x 224 resolution. Under a small-scale academic setting (13 classes, 197 clips, 80-20 split), the fine-tuned model reaches 99% training accuracy and 78% validation accuracy after 15 epochs. We provide a per-class breakdown via a confusion matrix and classification report, identify the dominant failure modes (confusable adjective pairs such as ugly, deaf, blind, hat, and dress), and describe a Streamlit-based inference demo that takes a user-uploaded video and returns the predicted English label alongside its Hindi, Telugu, and Bengali translations. We discuss the scope, limitations (small label set, isolated-word rather than continuous signing, single-signer style sensitivity, ambiguity of single-word machine translation), and directions for future work, including expanding to sentence-level generation and a larger vocabulary. Code is released to support reproducibility.

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Ramesh Nandipalli, Chandranath Adak. 2026-06-21. Deep Learning-Based Sign Language Recognition from Videos and Cross-Lingual Translation to Indian Vernaculars. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.22494

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