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arXiv · 2606.23323

Bounds on nonlinear electrodynamics via resummed relative entropy

Pietro Conzinu·Daiki Ueda
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Abstract

We investigate nonlinear electrodynamic effective field theories (EFTs) through the relative entropy evaluated in suitable background electromagnetic fields. In this setup, the relative entropy encodes information about the infinite tower of higher-dimensional operators and provides a systematic probe of nonlinear EFT effects. We study these features in fermionic QED, scalar QED, and Dirac-Born-Infeld theory using perturbative analyses, resummation techniques such as Borel--Laplace resummation, and non-perturbative approaches including the Schwinger proper-time method. In the weak-coupling regime, we show that the non-negativity of the perturbative relative entropy imposes sign constraints on finite truncations of higher-dimensional operators, generalizing familiar positivity bounds on leading EFT coefficients. We further show that violations of non-negativity in the strong-coupling regime admit qualitatively different interpretations depending on the framework: perturbatively analyzed violations diagnose the breakdown of the truncated EFT expansion, whereas violations in resummed or genuinely non-perturbative relative entropy signal physical instabilities of the system, such as the Schwinger effect. Extending the analysis to broader classes of UV completions, including theories with factorial or power-law growth of EFT coefficients, we derive general constraints on nonlinear electrodynamic EFT effects from the non-negativity of the resummed relative entropy. Our results suggest that relative entropy provides a unified diagnostic of perturbative consistency and non-perturbative stability in nonlinear EFTs.

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Pietro Conzinu, Daiki Ueda. 2026-06-22. Bounds on nonlinear electrodynamics via resummed relative entropy. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.23323

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