Performance Analysis of Hardware-Accelerated 10-Bit 4:2:2 Encoding with Split-Frame Encoding for High-Fidelity V-PCC Streaming

Abstract

Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) encodes volumetric data by projecting 3D geometry and texture onto 2D video frames. To prevent spatial distortion and color bleeding during 3D reconstruction, this process requires 10-bit color depth and 4:2:2 chroma subsampling, rather than the standard 8-bit 4:2:0 format. Additionally, capturing high-density dynamic point clouds requires demanding encoding parameters, such as 8K resolution at framerates up to 120 fps. Historically, the lack of 4:2:2 chroma support in older GPU hardware encoders restricted real-time V-PCC to custom Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). However, the recent introduction of NVIDIA's Blackwell GPU architecture, featuring on-chip hardware encoders with 10-bit 4:2:2 support, presents an opportunity to shift this workload to general-purpose hardware. This paper investigates the feasibility of such an approach. Using a commercially available Blackwell GPU equipped with four parallel on-die hardware encoders as a testbed, we evaluate the throughput, rate-distortion (RD) performance, and power consumption of 8K 10-bit 4:2:2 HEVC across various Split-Frame Encoding (SFE) configurations. Our results demonstrate that 4-way SFE achieves an encoding throughput of 122 fps, successfully meeting the strict real-time constraints of high-density V-PCC. Although the inability to exploit spatial redundancies across slice boundaries results in a BD-Rate penalty of up to 5%, the measured throughput and power efficiency establish standard, commercial off-the-shelf GPUs as a highly viable baseline for real-time volumetric video streaming.