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arXiv · 2606.29392

New bounds for equiangular lines and Balla's conjecture

Chuanyuan Ge·Shiping Liu
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Abstract

Let $N_{\alpha}(d)$ denote the maximum number of equiangular lines in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with common angle $\arccos(\alpha)$. Balla conjectured that, if the spectral radius order $\kappa_{\frac{1-\alpha}{2\alpha}}$ of $\frac{1-\alpha}{2\alpha}$ is finite, then $$N_{\alpha}(d)\leq \max\left\{\frac{(1-\alpha^2)(1-2\alpha^2)}{2\alpha^4},\left\lfloor\frac{\kappa_{\frac{1-\alpha}{2\alpha}}(d-1)}{\kappa_{\frac{1-\alpha}{2\alpha}}-1}\right\rfloor\right\},$$ for any $d\geq 1$. The conjecture has previously been verified only for $\alpha\in\left\{\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{5},\frac{1}{1+2\sqrt{2}}\right\}$. In this paper, we prove that this conjecture holds for $\alpha=\frac{1}{1+2\sqrt{3}}$ and $\alpha=\sqrt{5}-2$. On the other hand, we show that Balla's conjecture fails for infinitely many $\alpha$.

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Chuanyuan Ge, Shiping Liu. 2026-06-28. New bounds for equiangular lines and Balla's conjecture. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.29392

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