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arXiv · 2606.30718

Tidal origin of dark-matter free dwarf galaxies in the NGC 1052 group

Francois Hammer·Yanbin Yang
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Abstract

The discovery of dark matter-free (DM-free) dwarf galaxies in the NGC 1052 neighborhood has had a considerable impact on modern cosmology. The galaxies have been explained through a dwarf--dwarf head-on collision, a rare event. We find that they could alternatively be associated with a head-on 1:1 merger after it was tuned to generate the E4 morphology of NGC 1052. Our simulations show that such mergers produce long-lived tidal features, are associated with the remnant galaxy, and are in the form of large tidal tails, including tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs). We emphasise that such tidal features are predicted by the hierarchical scenario in which massive galaxies are formed by galaxy mergers. The latter can reproduce both the tidal features in the NGC1052 outskirts and the observed dwarf galaxies. The simulated TDGs have sizes similar to those observed, while they are ten times smaller in the bullet dwarf scenario. However, we cannot reproduce the luminous globular cluster systems due to resolution limitations. Resolving the radial distance between the DM-free dwarfs is necessary to identify the scenario of their formation. We suggest that there should be many other examples of DM-free dwarf galaxies in the neighbourhood of local massive galaxies and galaxy groups.

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Francois Hammer, Yanbin Yang. 2026-06-29. Tidal origin of dark-matter free dwarf galaxies in the NGC 1052 group. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%2F202660126

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