Fock-Space Formulation of the Lifetime of a Unicellular Organism

Abstract

What is life? In this work, we take life to mean a dynamical tendency to conserve identity for as long as possible. For a single bacterium, identity is carried by its chromosomal DNA code, so the bacterium is alive precisely insofar as it actively maintains a well-defined chromosomal configuration over time and can, in principle, replicate this configuration into progeny. For a multicellular organism, many cells share essentially the same DNA code and behave as a single coherent entity; in that case, life corresponds to the persistence of a common genetic identity across the cellular ensemble, rather than to the survival of any particular cell. Cell duplication in multicellular organisms likewise serves to maintain this dynamical tendency to conserve identity over time. In previous studies we implemented this idea at the multicellular and colonial scale using a classical notion of coherence, in which an organism is represented by a single nonseparable state over the DNA codes of its constituent cells, while a colony is describable as a separable ensemble. Here we apply the same principle to the simplest possible case, a single bacterium, and show that its biological identity can be identified with the coherence of its chromosomal DNA code within an abstract state space. We then introduce a Fock-space representation in which bacteria carrying given codes occupy fermionic modes, and replication, repair, and death are realized as elementary operators acting on these modes. Within this framework we define the lifetime of a unicellular organism as the integral coherence time of a code-occupation autocorrelation function and, in a minimal Markovian model, obtain a compact expression in which the lifetime coincides with the inverse decay rate of the corresponding identity mode.