A Recurrence Based Summation Method for Ultra-Rapid Divergent Series and Renormalon Type Expansions

Abstract

Classical summation methods are often organized around particular growth regimes. Standard Borel summation is suited to Gevrey-1 series, while higher-order Gevrey behavior is commonly handled by changing the kernel, for instance through Mittag-Leffler summation. In this paper, we introduce a recurrence-based summation method, called C-summation, whose primary input is a first-order inhomogeneous recurrence. The recurrence does not determine a unique solution, since different solutions may differ by a homogeneous term. We remove this ambiguity by passing to a normalized tail, where the homogeneous ambiguity becomes an additive constant, and then extracting the finite part of that tail. The resulting finite-part selector is defined through a Bromwich transform on the normalized tail differences. We prove that, under a precise $M$-admissibility hypothesis, the resulting value is independent of the chosen solution of the recurrence and of the chosen admissible recurrence presentation of the same formal series. We also show that C-summation is regular and homogeneous, and that it is stable under an explicit shift-compatibility condition on the normalized tail. In a certain Borel-summable class, we prove agreement with Borel-Laplace summation.