Fluctuation -- dissipation physics of stimulated light scattering from laser-driven density gratings

Abstract

The fluctuation -- dissipation theorem (FDT) is shown to provide a powerful resource for the analysis of stimulated light scattering from laser-driven density gratings, including stimulated Brillouin scattering and its kinetic-regime extension. In the physical setting of stimulated light scattering by density gratings, the FDT establishes that the dynamics of disturbances induced in a medium by a laser-driven electrostrictive force unfolds via the same physical pathways as the dynamics of internal, spontaneous fluctuations in this medium at equilibrium. When integrated into a suitable kinetic framework, the FDT leads to a significant simplification of the analysis of stimulated light scattering, allowing the stimulated gain/loss spectrum to be found directly from the spectrum of spontaneous density fluctuations without the need to solve kinetic equations with an external-field term. Operating within this framework, we derive a physically intuitive closed-form solution for the stimulated gain that accurately recovers all the signature properties of sound-wave-mediated Stokes amplification in the hydrodynamic regime, provides a continuous, fully analytical crossover from the hydrodynamic to kinetic regime of stimulated scattering, and explains distinctly different properties of kinetic stimulated scattering from density gratings, consistent with experiments on stimulated scattering in moderate-pressure gases. As important physical benchmark, in the limits of vanishingly low and very high collision frequencies, this solution for the SBS gain recovers the FDT-transformed solutions of, respectively, the Vlasov and Navier -- Stokes equations.