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arXiv · 2607.03344

Falling through the horizon of a quantum black hole

Victor Franken·Thomas G. Mertens·Bruno de S. L. Torres
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Abstract

We study quantum-gravitational effects on the response of an infalling detector as it crosses the horizon of a near-extremal black hole in the framework of quantum JT gravity. These effects are incorporated via the gravitational dressing needed to define both the infalling trajectory and the local observables probed by the detector in a diffeomorphism-invariant way. In the black hole exterior, a preferred choice of dressing to the Schwarzian mode of JT gravity can be motivated in connection to geometric modular flow. We show how to extend this dressing to the black hole interior, defining local observables that are gravitationally dressed to both boundaries in the thermofield double state. The gravitational dressing connects the near-horizon region to the IR sector of the Schwarzian theory, leading to measurable effects as the horizon is approached. We find that the infalling detector is able to locally determine the location of the horizon and its temperature, violating the equivalence principle, but without encountering a firewall.

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Victor Franken, Thomas G. Mertens, Bruno de S. L. Torres. 2026-07-03. Falling through the horizon of a quantum black hole. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03344

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