Full Gate-Voltage Control of a Parity-Protected Superconducting Qubit with an Altermagnetic Josephson Junction

Abstract

Parity-protected superconducting qubits offer intrinsically long coherence, but many current implementations require magnetic-flux biasing, which introduces flux noise, control overhead, and limited scalability. Here we propose a parity-protected qubit based on a gate-tunable superconductor-altermagnet-superconductor Josephson junction. Altermagnets are compensated magnets with momentum-dependent spin splitting and zero net magnetization, providing spin-dependent functionality without external magnetic fields. In the proposed junction, the two spin sectors acquire opposite phase shifts, generating two Josephson channels whose interference is controlled electrically by the chemical potential. At the tuned $0$-$\pi$ transition, the first Josephson harmonic is strongly suppressed while the second harmonic dominates, yielding a double-well potential with two nearly degenerate states of opposite Cooper-pair parity. For realistic gatemon-compatible parameters, we estimate coherence times of up to tens of milliseconds while maintaining fully gate-controlled qubit operations. These results establish altermagnetic Josephson junctions as a promising route toward protected superconducting qubits with local, scalable, and all-electrical control.