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arXiv · 2607.04150

Thermal vacuum friction of objects with different dimensionality

Gor Chalyan·F. Javier García de Abajo
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Abstract

Radiative forces acting on neutral bodies moving through a thermal bath represent a unique manifestation of the interplay between relativistic kinematics and thermal fluctuations. Vacuum friction is commonly formulated using the fluctuation--dissipation theorem or related statistical approaches, but such treatments can obscure the elementary momentum-transfer processes, especially in relativistic regimes. Here, we develop a purely kinematic momentum-transfer framework in which the radiative force and pressure are obtained by summing individual scattering and absorption events. This approach offers a transparent physical picture while ensuring a self-consistent treatment of Doppler shifts and relativistic transformations. We apply the method to three representative geometries: an isotropic dipolar particle, a thin resonant plate moving normal to its surface, and a thin resonant plate moving parallel to its surface. In the nonrelativistic limit, we derive explicit radiative drag coefficients, providing compact expressions for predicting vacuum friction in moving structures.

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Gor Chalyan, F. Javier García de Abajo. 2026-07-05. Thermal vacuum friction of objects with different dimensionality. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04150

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