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arXiv · 2607.06898

Slowly rotating condensate dark stars beyond the mean-field approximation

Grigoris Panotopoulos·Ángel Rincón·Ilidio Lopes
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Abstract

We investigate rotational properties and universal relations of slowly rotating Bose-Einstein condensate dark stars in the context of General Relativity, both at the mean-field level and when the leading beyond-mean-field Lee-Huang-Yang correction is retained self-consistently. Adopting the polytropic $n=1$ equation of state appropriate to a dilute, self-interacting Bose gas, parameterised by the boson mass $m$ and the $s$-wave scattering length $a_s$, we integrate the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations together with Hartle's dipole equation for the frame-dragging angular velocity, and we compute the moment of inertia, the gravito-electric tidal Love number and the dimensionless tidal deformability. The resulting equilibrium sequences yield gravitational masses in the $1$--$2\,M_{\odot}$ range with radii of $10$--$20\,\mathrm{km}$, squarely within the window presently probed by NICER and the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network. We observe that the LHY term produces a measurable reduction of the dimensionless moment of inertia at fixed compactness, whilst the I-$\Lambda$ universal relation is preserved to within a few per cent. We supply polynomial fits for the I-$\Lambda$ and I-$C$ relations, and show that the LHY footprint is large enough to serve as a clean diagnostic of beyond-mean-field quantum physics in a putative dark star population, complementing existing dark matter constraints from pulsar masses and from the equation-of-state interpretation of the unusually light compact remnant HESS~J1731-347.

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Grigoris Panotopoulos, Ángel Rincón, Ilidio Lopes. 2026-07-08. Slowly rotating condensate dark stars beyond the mean-field approximation. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc%2Fs10052-026-16183-0

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