Studying the Variable Continuum and Emission Line Spectrum of 4U 1700-377 using NuSTAR's Stray Light

Abstract

The high-mass X-ray binary 4U 1700-377 shows strong variation in brightness on timescales of hundreds of seconds due to accretion from a highly clumped stellar wind from the companion. Using two focused observations and five stray light observations from NuSTAR, we are able to expand the baseline of observations of the source and track spectral parameters throughout the source's variability. The focused NuSTAR observations confidently detect excess emission lines at energies above Fe K$\alpha$, but are unable to universally constrain the nature of these lines independently of model choice. Strong Fe K$\alpha$ fluorescence is ubiquitous in the stray light data, but these observations lack sufficient signal-to-noise to further measure additional emission lines. We discuss the statistics of a claimed cyclotron resonant scattering feature as seen in the stray light spectra, but find no conclusive evidence for its existence. Finally, we investigate two instances of sustained low-flux states of up to 60 ks. When this occurs, luminosity can fall by almost an order of magnitude and the high-energy continuum softens significantly without corresponding to increased absorption. We discuss the manner in which the changing shape of the continuum during these intervals may show accretion during an extended rarefied interval of stellar wind, or a possible change of the dominant accretion regime.