Wichmann-Kroll Correction to the Interelectronic Interaction in He- and Li-Like Ions

Abstract

We present a theoretical study of the higher-order QED contribution to the interelectronic interaction in He- and Li-like ions, where a virtual electron-positron loop is inserted into the photon line of the one-photon exchange diagram. Our approach is based on the Dirac-Coulomb Green's function and accounts for the interaction of the virtual $e^+e^-$ pair with the electric field of the nucleus to all orders in $\alpha Z$, with $\alpha$ being the fine-structure constant and $Z$ the atomic charge number. We show that the numerical convergence of the involved integrals can be significantly improved by explicitly subtracting the non-gauge-invariant spurious contributions from the integrands. We present improved numerical values for this contribution to the Lamb shift over a wide range of nuclear charge numbers $Z$. Our calculations agree well with previous results by Artemyev and co-workers [Phys. Rev. A 56, 3529 (1997); Phys. Rev. A 60, 45 (1999)] for He-like ions, but we find a discrepancy in the Li-like case. Moreover, we calculate the finite nuclear size correction to this diagram, which can reduce its size by more than 5% for heavy ions. The improved QED calculations not only decrease the uncertainty of theoretical predictions for the interelectronic interaction in few-electron ions but the methods could also be used in the future to improve calculations of closely related one-electron two-loop QED diagrams.