Lusztig's special pieces conjecture

Abstract

Let $\mathcal O$ be a special nilpotent orbit in the Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$ of a simple algebraic group $G$. We give two proofs of the result that every special piece ${\mathcal P}(\mathcal O)$ in $\mathfrak g$ is the quotient of a smooth $G$-variety $X$ by the action of a certain finite group $H$. We first deduce the result from a similar result for transverse slices, established in earlier work of the first three authors and Fu. Then we give a more explicit construction of $X$, as a subvariety of the closure of a $G$-orbit in the direct sum of $\mathfrak g$ and some fundamental weight representations of $G$. Both methods apply to classical $\mathfrak g$, where we give new proofs of this result, which was first proved by Kraft and Procesi. The result in the exceptional groups was conjectured by Lusztig. Our first proof shows that there can be several $G$-varieties $X$ that satisfy the conjecture, related to a natural embedding of $H$ in the fundamental group of $\mathcal O$. In an appendix, we relate this natural embedding to Lusztig's definition of $H$ that arises from the family in the Weyl group of $G$ attached to $\mathcal O$ and from the Springer correspondence.