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arXiv · 2607.22092

Designing Eco-Efficient Biowaste Valorisation Systems: Effects of Transport Distance and Facility Scale

Christian Ottini·Gwenola Yannou-Le Bris·Sandra Domenek·Felipe Buendia
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Abstract

The increasing deployment of separate biowaste collection across Europe raises questions regarding environmentally and economically optimal treatment strategies. From this perspective, the balance between decentralised and centralised infrastructure is a potential lever to consider. The choice of technologies is another. Composting and anaerobic digestion (AD) offer viable circular bioeconomy pathways, but their performance depends on transport distance, facility size, seasonal waste fluctuations, and technological efficiency. Threshold distances and scale-dependent interactions affecting the environmental and economic performance of treatment plants remain poorly characterised. This study develops a unified techno-economic and life cycle assessment framework to quantify how transport constraints and treatment capacities shape biowaste valorisation systems. Three facility scales for composting and AD are evaluated across a range of transport distances and compared with local incineration in terms of environmental and economic performance. Transport burdens are modelled using vehicle life cycle assessment (LCA) and realistic heavy-duty truck data for electric-, gas-, and diesel-powered vehicles. Results reveal non-linear trade-offs between scale and transport, with zero-distance composting yielding the lowest combined impacts. Across all scenarios, 45 configurations outperform local incineration economically and environmentally, while 111 remain environmentally preferable despite higher costs, thus providing quantitative guidance for infrastructure planning.

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Christian Ottini, Gwenola Yannou-Le Bris, Sandra Domenek, Felipe Buendia. 2026-07-24. Designing Eco-Efficient Biowaste Valorisation Systems: Effects of Transport Distance and Facility Scale. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.22092

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