Mechanical mapping of thin elastic films and living cells with spherical tip atomic force microscopy probes at large indentations

Gabriel Gomila; Mauricio Cano; Beatriz Cantero; Sophie Strawbridge; Lara Aiassa; Loris Rizzello; Giuseppe Battaglia; Eleni Dalaka; Jordi Comelles; Annalisa Calò

arXiv · 2607.22167

Mechanical mapping of thin elastic films and living cells with spherical tip atomic force microscopy probes at large indentations

Gabriel Gomila·Mauricio Cano·Beatriz Cantero·Sophie Strawbridge·Lara Aiassa·Loris Rizzello·Giuseppe Battaglia·Eleni Dalaka·Jordi Comelles·Annalisa Calò

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Abstract

An analytical model to quantify large indentation force curves acquired on elastic thin films and living cells with spherical tip Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) probes is presented. The model accounts for the bottom effect in the whole indentation range and overcomes the limitations of Sneddon's and Hertz's contact models, which are valid for semi-infinite thick samples, and of paraboloid tip models with bottom effect correction (BEC) that are applicable to spherical tips only for relatively small indentations. The model is experimentally validated with force volume measurements on polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogel thin films, where an excellent agreement is obtained. The accurate correction of the bottom effect demonstrates that the intrinsic Young's modulus of PAA thin films increases for thickness below a critical value (~15 um). The model also shows excellent agreement with force curves acquired on live macrophages, providing accurate Young's modulus values for these very soft cells (E~200 Pa). Young's modulus values extracted with the proposed model significantly differ from those obtained from Sneddon's or paraboloid models with BEC, whose values deviate by 100% and -25%, respectively. Results show the potential of the proposed model for analysing force curve measurements with spherical tips at large indentations on thin film elastic materials and living cells at the micro and nanoscale.

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Gabriel Gomila, Mauricio Cano, Beatriz Cantero, Sophie Strawbridge, Lara Aiassa, Loris Rizzello, Giuseppe Battaglia, Eleni Dalaka, Jordi Comelles, Annalisa Calò. 2026-07-24. Mechanical mapping of thin elastic films and living cells with spherical tip atomic force microscopy probes at large indentations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.22167

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