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arXiv · 2607.22322

The macroscopic precession model of quasi-periodic oscillations for rotating compact objects

Orlando Luongo·Marco Muccino
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Abstract

The relativistic precession model (RPM) interprets the twin kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) as geodesic frequencies of test particles orbiting in the spacetime of X-ray binaries hosting either a neutron star (NS) or a black hole. In several NS X-ray binaries, QPOs are well reproduced by effective geometries nearly degenerate with a Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) spacetime, hindering independent determinations of the mass, the angular momentum and other observables. We propose how to solve this physical limitation by incorporating the effects of orbiting matter spin, culminating in introducing the macroscopic precession model (MPM). We treat the disk inhomogeneities as spinning test bodies governed by the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon (MPD) equations and obtain non-minimal spin curvature corrections to the azimuthal and the radial epicyclic frequencies. We perform Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) fits, based on the Metropolis algorithm, and model eight NS X-ray binary sources. Our statistical analyzes show that the data select the internal structure of the accreting matter, without requiring corrections to Kerr and Schwarzschild spacetimes through the introduction of any correcting de Sitter phase. Physically, the MPM paradigm explains why an effective SdS-like structure could be statistically favored if spin is not employed, through non-minimal spin-curvature coupling, leaving unaltered the test particle hypothesis.

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Orlando Luongo, Marco Muccino. 2026-07-24. The macroscopic precession model of quasi-periodic oscillations for rotating compact objects. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.22322

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