The Knapsack Secretary Problem is Strictly Harder Than the Secretary Problem

Eric Balkanski; Jason Chatzitheodorou; Dimitris Fotakis; Thanos Tolias

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arXiv · 2607.22840

The Knapsack Secretary Problem is Strictly Harder Than the Secretary Problem

Eric Balkanski·Jason Chatzitheodorou·Dimitris Fotakis·Thanos Tolias

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Abstract

The knapsack secretary problem is a generalization of the classical secretary problem where the accepted items must satisfy a knapsack constraint. A line of work has developed constant-competitive algorithms for this problem, with successive improvements culminating in the current best-known competitive ratio of $0.153$. A natural open question was whether the optimal $1/e$ competitive ratio for the classical secretary problem is also achievable for the knapsack secretary problem. We answer this question negatively by showing that no $(1/e - 0.0001)$-competitive algorithm exists for the knapsack secretary problem. The analysis of the family of hard instances we construct proceeds in three steps. First, we reduce the cardinal problem on these instances to an almost-ordinal problem. Second, we formulate a linear program that captures the performance of almost-ordinal algorithms on this instance family. Finally, we exhibit a feasible dual solution whose objective value is strictly below $1/e$. We also give an algorithm that improves the best-known competitive ratio from $0.153$ to $0.178$.

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Eric Balkanski, Jason Chatzitheodorou, Dimitris Fotakis, Thanos Tolias. 2026-07-24. The Knapsack Secretary Problem is Strictly Harder Than the Secretary Problem. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.22840

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