ReCon: A Resource-Constrained Benchmark for LLM-Based Cybersecurity Compliance Across Ingestion and Retrieval Pipelines

Abstract

With the increasingly aggressive cyber threat landscape for governments, businesses, and institutions, as information and/or cybersecurity implementations are increasingly under scrutiny by regulators, it has been pointed out that governance failure is one of the major reasons for a weakened cybersecurity posture. A major component of Cyber/information security governance is the development, adoption, and implementation of a comprehensive information and/or cyber security policy document. The policy document must be in compliance with international or national standards and, if possible, with regulatory guidelines. However, it is often observed that policy documents are often incomplete with respect to industry standards or regulations and require revision when subjected to a thorough audit. Identifying the gaps between the controls and processes documented in the policy and those required in the regulations or standards necessitates extensive manual effort. The advent of Generative AI tools such as Large Language Models (LLMs) led to use of LLMs and Agentic AI tools to automate such compliance checks, as seen in a few research publications in recent times. However, such reported use of LLMs are experimented with high resource environments such as expensive GPUs and memory based servers. For smaller organizations such expensive compute platform may not be easily available. In this article, we benchmark the compliance checking tasks on LLMs that do not require GPU and high memory usage and the effectiveness of such resource constrained LLMs in compliance checking. Our experiments demonstrated that the low resource LLMs can provide good agreement/accuracy in compliance checking of policy documents against standards by experimenting with ISO 27002:2022 controls against multiple policy documents.