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arXiv · 2607.23858

Joint Group-Based Trajectory Modeling for Paired Repeated Measures: An Application to Audiometric Phenotypes and Dietary Associations

Ying Chen·Sharon Curhan·Kenneth I. Vaden Jr·Judy R. Dubno·Molin Wang
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Abstract

The assumption of conditional independence in conventional group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) is often violated by paired repeated-measures data with heterogeneous trajectory patterns. While random-effects models can accommodate this dependence, they inflate within-group variability and blur distinct phenotypic shapes. We propose a joint GBTM framework that explicitly models hierarchical dependence in paired trajectories while allowing them to follow different latent patterns. We develop a robust two-stage approach to address estimation challenges caused by rare latent groups, and a one-stage EM algorithm that serves as a theoretical baseline under balanced group sizes. Simulations demonstrate that our methods correct the biases caused by ignoring hierarchical dependence. The proposed model was applied to real-world data from the Conservation of Hearing Study (CHEARS) Audiology Assessment Arm (AAA), a subcohort of the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II), to identify distinct audiometric phenotypes and to investigate the association between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary adherence score and the latent audiometric patterns.

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Ying Chen, Sharon Curhan, Kenneth I. Vaden Jr, Judy R. Dubno, Molin Wang. 2026-07-26. Joint Group-Based Trajectory Modeling for Paired Repeated Measures: An Application to Audiometric Phenotypes and Dietary Associations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.23858

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