Thermodynamics with thermodynamic variable first-passage time. I. From stochastic trajectories to nonlinear transport equations

Abstract

The theoretical foundation of combining external nonequilibrium thermodynamics, the nonequilibrium statistical operator method, and stochastic first passage time thermodynamics are explored. It is shown that including a random lifetime of a metastable state in the generalized distribution function allows the first passage time to be considered as a fully - fledged macroscopic coordinate. A microscopic justification for this approach is provided, and a generalized thermodynamic potential is introduced. A procedure for closing the transport equations based on on thermodynamic consistency conditions is developed. It is shown that in the generalized Maxwell - Catteneo equation, the classical relaxation time is strictly replaced by the mean first passage time, which imparts internal macroscopic nonlinearity to the system. Using renewal theory, the exact mathematical structure of transport memory kernels for non-Markovian processes is derived. A qualitative comparative analysis of various approaches to the thermodynamic description of nonequilibrium phenomena is presented.